ion of the predicted CEP32496 target gene expression, we selected five ULMs and matched myometria for gene expression analysis 18055761 using Affymetrix U133A arrays. The five cases selected for the gene expression study were marked by the most significant microRNA dysregulation in ULMs and the highest 
magnitude of their modulation. In particular, we selected ULMs of large size and from African American women. As previous stated by Aslan et al, the gene expression profiles in ULMs varied widely among studies, affected by the 4 August 2010 | Volume 5 | Issue 8 | e12362 Western blot analysis The culture cell samples were homogenized at 4uC in a protein lysis buffer. Equal amounts of total protein from each sample were resolved through a 10% SDSAGE gel and then transferred to a PVDF membrane. Development of the immunoblot with antisera against TSC2 was tested and a single specific HMGA2 band at 25 kDa was detected, as previously described. MicroRNAs in Uterine Leiomyoma clinical setting, methods and platforms. We selected to also analyze the NCBI GEO GSE593 ULM profiling along with the data from this study due to the same sample size, patient age and the microarray platform used. Applying significance analysis of microarray to the combined set of our 5 pairs of ULM and matched myometria and the GSE593 data, we identified 2674 probe sets that were significantly different between ULMs and matched myometrium controls. We used a combination of two microRNA prediction 12600694 methods, TargetScan and PicTar, to search for all predicted gene targets of the 5 most highly upregulated and downregulated microRNAs. Both mRNA profiling data sets were used for the microRNA target prediction. There were a total of 2995 and 2060 TargetScan and PicTarpredicted genes of the top 5 upregulated and 5 top downregulated microRNAs, respectively. Utilizing the expression data from these five cases, we identified 2674 mRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in ULMs. Among these significantly dysregulated mRNAs, 249 downregulated mRNAs were predicted targets of the 5 upregulated microRNAs and 97 upregulated mRNAs were predicted targets of the 5 downregulated microRNAs. Together, they represented 13% of 2674 genes found to be significantly dysregulated in ULMs. The Box Plot analysis and significance analysis revealed a trend of overall inverse association between the predicted target genes and either up- or down- regulated microRNAs. Upregulated predicted gene targets of downregulated microRNAs were significantly enriched in comparison to the overall pool of significantly dysregulated targets. The findings suggest that the most up and down regulated microRNAs in ULMs may regulate the expression of their predicted target genes at the level of mRNA stability as previously reported. At the level of individual matches between microRNAs and the inversely modulated, predicted targets, a rather small proportion of the target genes were inversely correlated with a considerable correlation coefficient. Small sample size and important biological variables 5 August 2010 | Volume 5 | Issue 8 | e12362 MicroRNAs in Uterine Leiomyoma miRNA let7c let7f-2 miR-21 Symbol TRIB1 PLCB4 BRD1 SKI Target gene Name tribbles homolog 1 phospholipase C, beta 4 bromodomain containing 1 v-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ankyrin 2, neuronal RAB11 family interacting protein 1 GATA binding protein 2 FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma SWI/SNF related, matri
