Ngal compounds compared to fresh habitats [102]. Numerous antifungal compounds including polysaccharides, organic solvent extracts, polyethers, and lipid fractions isolated from green (H. pluvialis, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus sp.) and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp. and R. reticulata), Bacillariophytes, and dinoflagellates show activity CD38 Purity & Documentation against microorganisms for example A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium sp., Saccharomycessp., Candida sp., Microsporum sp., and E. floccosum [122,123]. Gambieric acid, a potent antifungal agent with polycyclic ether isolated from Gambierdiscus toxicus, acts against molds and dermatophytes though the diatom Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii was involved against active yeasts [124]. Amphidinol, a potent antifungal agent isolated from Amphidinium klebsii, targets fungi membrane, mostly the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway [125]. Pigments created by H. karadagensis showed antifungal activity against C. maritima, D. salina, and Lulworthia sp. accountable for biological fouling [126]. Organic extracts from C. lauderi, G. toxicus, and C. vulgaris inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus, a toxin-producing fungus that contaminates seafood of marine bivalves [127].Plants 2021, ten,12 of4.3. Anticancer Activity Cancer could be the single most critical disorder causing irregular cell growth that has the ability to infiltrate other body parts. A lump, irregular bleeding, excessive coughing, weight reduction, in addition to a lower in bowel movements are prospective symptoms. Human beings are impacted by more than one hundred types of diseases, the bulk of which are due to hereditary abnormalities, i.e., environmental and life-style causes (905 ), plus the remaining 50 is resulting from inherited genetics [128]. Chemotherapy may be the most promising anticancer approach aimed at reducing mortality by delaying the carcinogenesis method. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants from natural sources S1PR2 Source suppress tumorgenesis by inhibiting tumor cell protease activity, fostering cell division, triggering cell death, and immunomodulations [83]. Chinery et al. reported that the combined effect of antineoplastic agents and antioxidants assists in remission of colon cancer [129]. Cyanobacteria are an abundant source of natural foods, and their medicinal value was recognized in the beginning with the 15th century when Nostoc strains have been utilized to treat malignant tumors, arthritis, and fistula. Anabaena and Nostoc sp. are vital cyanobacteria that produce more than 120 natural items with potent activity against several cancer-causing agents [130]. Chlorophyllin, a derivative of chlorophyll, acts against HCT1 16 human colon cancer cells because of its high effectiveness as a chemo-preventive agent [64]. Aqueous extract of Nostoc muscorum showed the highest anticancer activity in humans against Ehrlich cell (87.25 ) and hepatocellular carcinoma (89.4 ) [90]. This really is attributed for the high content material of phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols, which induced programmed cell death of tumor cells. Bioactive compounds dragonamide A-E and dragomabin isolated from cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. exhibited in vivo activity against leishmaniasis. Moore’s group isolated twenty-six cryptophycin from Nostoc sp. GSV 224, of which cryptophycin 52 was reported to become profitable in lab trials for treating ovarian carcinoma and alveoli cancers [131]. C-phycocyanin, an aqueous extract of red algae, exhibits antiproliferation inducing apoptosis [132]. -(1, three)-glucan, an active immunostimulator from C. vulga.
