N periods for extreme drought across the basin.two. Study Region and Information 2.1. Study Region 2.1. Study Area2. Study Location and DataThe Wadi Mina basin, with an location of 4900 km2 , is is positioned thethe northwest of AlgeThe Wadi Mina basin, with an location of 4900 km located in in northwest of Algeria ria (Figure 1). The Wadi Mina requires four major tributaries: Wadi Mina, Wadi (Z)-Semaxanib In Vitro Haddad, (Figure 1). The Wadi Mina requires 4 significant tributaries: Wadi Mina, Wadi Haddad, Wadi Abd and Wadi Taht. The climate is continental, withwith cold winters and hot sumWadi Abd and Wadi Taht. The climate is continental, cold winters and hot summers. mers. Imply annual precipitation from about 220 to 400220 toand most precipitationprecipitaMean annual precipitation ranges ranges from about mm, 400 mm, and most happens between in between and March. Imply annual temperatures are about are about 16 C. tion occursNovemberNovember and March. Imply annual temperatures16 C to 19.five to AlmostAlmost half the covered by a varying a varying vegetation, vegetation, with in par19.5 . half the basin is basin is covered by density of density of with in unique 32 of scrub, 35.8 of forests and forests and 20 cereal ticular 32 of scrub, 35.8 of 20 cereal crops [53]. crops [53].Figure 1. 1. Topography and stationdistribution for the Wadi Mina basin in northern Algeria. Figure Topography and station distribution for the Wadi Mina basin in northern Algeria.Water 2021, 13,four of2.two. Information Utilised Month-to-month precipitation records for a 40-year observation GYY4137 custom synthesis Period (September 1970 to August 2010, working with water years that go from September to August) are compiled for 16 stations in the Algeria National Agency of Water Sources (Figure 1 and Table 1). These stations constitute a relatively well-distributed network with acceptable spatial density over the basin. To assure good quality, information was checked for inhomogeneities making use of the double mass curve, linear regression and Mann-Whitney test techniques. The procedure detected several inhomogeneities, for which the irregular information were adjusted making use of data of nearby dependable stations. Rainfall information of those 16 stations were analyzed statistically to evaluate rainfall variability within the study location (Table 2). These preliminary statistical analyses integrated measure of central tendency (imply, and median), dispersion (normal deviation SD, coefficient of variation CV) and distribution (skewness Cs and kurtosis Ck) (Table 3).Table 1. Characteristics of rain gauge stations utilized in the analysis. Geographical Coordinates Rain Station ID Name Longitude (E) S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 12702 13001 13002 13004 13101 13102 13201 13202 13203 13204 13302 13304 13306 13401 13407 13410 Rahuia Kef Mahboula Frenda Ain El Haddid Mechra Safa Djilali Benamar Ain Kermes Rosfa Tiricine Sidi Youcef Ain Hamara Takmaret Oues El-Abtal Sidi A.E.K Djilali El Hachem SMBA 0 49 1 01 0 51 1 02 0 49 1 05 0 49 0 32 0 33 0 39 0 37 0 40 0 34 0 28 0 35 1 00 Latitude (N) 35 18 35 04 35 04 35 23 35 27 34 55 34 54 34 54 34 48 35 23 35 06 35 28 35 29 35 23 35 34 35 31 (m) 650 475 990 829 655 300 1162 960 1070 1100 288 655 354 225 417 145 Elevation Period of ObservationSeptmber 1970 ugustTable two. Descriptive statistics of annual rainfall series inside the Wadi Mina basin (1970/71009/10 water years). N S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 Min (mm) 210.00 143.00 221.00 194.80 197.70 158.60 155.70 77.70 115.20 159.20 164.80 120.50 129.60 135.60 152.60 141.00 Max (mm) five.
