Me putative Lewy body-like structures with dense a-synuclein immunopositivity also appeared in all three regions of brain. Western blot analysis revealed thatMitra et al. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2011, 8:163 http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/8/1/Page 12 ofFigure 7 Histological and LY-2523355 biological activity morphological changes in three regions of brain after PQ (10 mg/kg b.w.) treatment. Morphological alterations in cells were observed by H E staining in SN, FC and hippocampus of PQ-treated animal brains compared to controls. The detailed procedure for staining is described in Methods. (A): Formation of pyknotic nuclei (black arrows) is found in SN of PQ-treated PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28154141 mouse brain, but not in vehicle-treated controls. (B): Pyknotic nuclei (black arrows) and Lewy body-like structures (yellow arrows) appeared in FC of PQ-treated mouse brain (b, d, f and h) but not in controls (a, c, e and g respectively). Lewy body-like structures of different shapes with acidophilic central cores were found in four regions of frontal cortex. Lewy body-like structures were round-to-oval-shaped (b, h), or irregular-to-pear-shaped (d, f). (C): Pyknotic nuclei were observed in the hippocampal regions dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 in PQ-treated animals (b, d, f respectively) but not in control brain (a, c, e respectively). Magnification is 100?as indicated; scale bars = 10 .expression levels of a-synuclein decreased significantly in SN, with no change in FC and significantly increased expression in hippocampus (Figure 9D). Supplementation with a-tocopherol did not result in any significant changes in status of a-synuclein in any of the three regions examined in PQ-treated mouse brain (data not shown).Changes of immunomodulatory molecules in PQ-treated mice brainTo assess whether differential expression patterns of asynuclein in PQ-mediated neurotoxicity promotes inflammation or not, we evaluated expression levels of IL-1b and TNF-a in three different regions of brain.Differential expression and localization of interleukin-1b (IL1b) in SN, FC and hippocampus1b increased in SN, FC and hippocampus in the PQtreated groups compared to control groups (Figure 10A, B and 10C respectively). Immunoreactivity for IL-1b appeared outside of nucleated areas as patches. Some microglia-like cellular structures surrounded by dense immunoreactivity for IL-1b were observed in SN (Figure 10A). Western blot analysis showed that expression levels for IL-1b increased significantly in hippocampus and in FC during PQ treatment, without any significant changes in SN (Figure 10D). Supplementation with atocopherol did not produce any changes in status of expression levels for IL-1b in any of the three regions examined in PQ-treated mouse brain.Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is increased in SN, FC and hippocampus of PQ (10 mg/kg b.w.)-treated animalsDifferential expression patterns of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1b in the three regions of brain were observed. Scattered and diffuse immunoreactivity for IL-We also evaluated another inflammation marker, TNF-a, in all three regions of PQ-treated mouse brain. Changes in expression patterns for TNF-a in all three experimental areas were assessed using immunohistochemistry andMitra et al. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2011, 8:163 http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/8/1/Page 13 ofFigure 8 Differential patterns of immunoreactivity of dopaminergic neuronal markers in brain after PQ (10 mg/kg b.w.) treatment. Immunoreactive localization of TH was observed in SN.
