ti-calbindin rabbit anti-activated caspase 3, rabbit anti-Ki67, chicken anti-Map2, rabbit anti MAP2, mouse anti Cre, rabbit anti Cre, mouse anti-NeuN, rabbit anti-GFAP and rabbit anti-BRaf. Calbindin staining was amplified by incubation with biotinylated rabbit anti mouse IgG followed by incubation with streptavidin Alexa555. BRAF, Cre- and MAP2 staining have been performed with biotinylated anti rabbit in combination with ABC and 17611279 DAB. In all other staining procedures, appropriate species-specific Alexa488- or Cy3-labelled secondary antibodies were used for visualization with epifluorescence ) or confocal microscopy ) or confocal Leica SP5 microscope equipped with a 406 1.250.75 oil order Tedizolid (phosphate) objective. Hippocampal Cell Culture and Staining Hippocampi were dissected from postnatal day P0/P1 pups and treated with trypsin. After addition of trypsin inhibitor, 25.000 cells were cultured on 10 mm poly-L-lysine coated coverslips in 100 ml neurobasal medium containing B27 and glutamax. After 6 days culturing in vitro, cells were fixed and stained for immunofluorescence. Mouse Behavioural Analyses Walking and balancing on a pencil was used to measure motor coordination; the time period spent on the rod was determined; cut-off time of this assay was one minute. Control mice could balance without problem for even longer time periods. Statistical Analysis Data are presented as mean 6 s.e.m. Paired t-test was used to compare two groups. Data values in each group were assessed for normal distribution using Statsistica 8 quantile plot test. Supporting Information Biochemistry For Western blot analysis, tissue was lysed by mechanical homogenization in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate in the presence of a proteinase inhibitors and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 20,0006g, and the supernatant was subjected SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotted to nitrocellulose membranes as described. Rabbit anti-BRaf, rabbit anti Egr1, rabbit anti phosphoERK1,2, rabbit anti ERK2, mouse anti GAPDH, rabbit anti-b-actin antibodies ) were used. The membranes were developed by chemiluminescence detection using ECL and ECL plus or ECL prime, GE Healthcare, with a goat Ablation of BRaf Impairs Neuronal 12150697 Differentiation and control embryos. Whole-mount photographs of E10.5 embryos and E14.5 embryos. Right embryo is BRaf del/del; left embryo is BRaf 
wt/del. The BRaf del allele does not confer any obvious dominant-negative effect on postnatal development. Body weight of P45 female BRraf wt/wt mice compared to BRaf wt/del littermates. Data are mean s.e.m.; n = 5 for BRaf wt/wt, n = 9 for BRaf wt/del group. PCR-based genotyping to distinguish BRaf wt/del, BRaf del/del and BRaf wt/wt genotypes. del/del animals immunostained for BRaf with an antibody against the BRaf N-terminus demonstrate widespread absence of BRaf immunoreactivity, as compared to sections from ctrl mice. BRaf elimination is demonstrated in the lobulus X. Note presence of BRaf stain in cell body of singular Purkinje neurons that might have escapedCre recombinase-mediated BRaf deletion in cKO mice. Control slices were incubated in blocking solution containing secondary antibody related serum in the absence of primary antibody dilution to visualize unspecific background staining. Lack of increased astrocytic differentiation in the dentate gyrus. Quantifications of BrdU/GFAP-positive astrocytes in the granular cel
